Welcome to Web Standards

XHTML - Extensible Hypertext Markup Language

XHTML is the successor to, and the current version of, HTML. The need for a more strict version of HTML was felt primarily as now web content needs to be delivered to many devices (like mobile devices ) apart from traditional computers, where extra resources cannot be devoted to support the generosities of HTML. (The looser the syntax of a language, the harder it is to process.) A DTD defines the rules of XHTML, against which documents can be checked.

Most of the recent versions of popular web browsers render XHTML properly, and many older browsers will also render XHTML as it is mostly a subset of HTML and most browsers do not require valid HTML. Similarly, almost all web browsers that are compatible with XHTML also render HTML properly. Some say this is slowing the switch from HTML to XHTML.

CSS - Cascading Style Sheets

CSS is used by both authors and readers of web pages to define colors, fonts, layout, and other aspects of document presentation. It is designed primarily to enable the separation of document structure (written in HTML or a related language) from document presentation (written in CSS). This separation provides a number of benefits, including improved content accessibility, greater flexibility and control in the specification of presentational characteristics, and reduced complexity of the structural content.

CSS is also capable of controlling the document's style separately in alternative rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on braille-based, tactile devices.

CSS can be used with XML, to allow such structured documents also to be rendered with full stylistic control over their layout, typography, colour etc in any suitable user agent or browser.